Confucius ati: "niba ushaka gukora akazi keza, ugomba kubanza gukarisha ibikoresho byawe."
Muri rusange, ukurikije uburyo bwo gusiga irangi ry'imyenda irangi, igabanijwemo ubwoko butanu bwimashini zisiga irangi, nka fibre irekuye, sliveri, umugozi, imyenda n imyenda.
Imashini irangi fibre
1. Fata imashini irangi ya fibre
Igizwe ningoma yumuriro, ikigega cyo gusiga irangi hamwe na pompe izenguruka (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo).Ikibari gifite umuyoboro wo hagati, kandi urukuta rwa barrale hamwe numuyoboro wo hagati wuzuye umwobo muto.Shira fibre mu ngoma, uyishyire mu kigega cyo gusiga irangi, shyiramo igisubizo cyo gusiga irangi, utangire pompe izenguruka, hanyuma ushushe irangi.Igisubizo cy'irangi gisohoka mu muyoboro wo hagati w'ingoma, kinyura muri fibre no ku rukuta rw'ingoma kuva imbere kugera hanze, hanyuma ugasubira mu muyoboro wo hagati kugira ngo uzenguruke.Imashini zimwe zo gusiga fibre fibre zigizwe nisafuriya, ikigega cyo gusiga irangi na pompe izenguruka.Hasi yibinyoma numupfundikizo wisafuriya yuzuye umwobo.Iyo usize irangi, shyira fibre irekuye mu nkono, uyipfundike neza, hanyuma uyishyire mu kigega cyo gusiga irangi.Amazi yo gusiga irangi ava mu gipfundikizo cy'inkono kuva hasi kugeza hejuru unyuze munsi y'ibinyoma unyuze muri pompe yo kuzenguruka kugirango ube uruziga rwo gusiga irangi.
2. Imashini isiga fibre idahwema
Igizwe na hopper, umukandara wa convoyeur, uruziga ruzunguruka, agasanduku k'amazi, n'ibindi.Nyuma yo kuzungurutswe n'amazi azunguruka, yinjira muri parike.Nyuma yo guhumeka, kora isabune no koza amazi.
Imashini yo gusiga irangi
1. Imashini yo gusiga umupira
Nibikoresho byo gusiga amarangi, kandi imiterere yingenzi irasa nubwoko bwingoma ya mashini yo gusiga irangi.Mugihe cyo gusiga irangi, shyira igikomere cyumupira mumupira wuzuye muri silinderi hanyuma uhambire igifuniko cya silinderi.Mugihe cyo gutwara pompe izenguruka, amazi yo gusiga yinjira mumupira wubwoya kuva hanze ya silinderi unyuze mumwobo wurukuta, hanyuma ugasohoka uva mugice cyo hejuru cyumuyoboro wo hagati.Irangi risubirwamo kugeza irangi rirangiye.
2. Imashini isize irangi yamashanyarazi
Imiterere isa niyimashini ihoraho ya fibre irangi.Agasanduku k'amazi muri rusange "J" gafite ibikoresho byo kumisha.
Imashini yo gusiga irangi
1. Imashini yo gusiga irangi
Igizwe ahanini nigikoresho cyo gusiga irangi kare, inkunga, umugozi utwara umuyoboro na pompe izenguruka.Nibikoresho byo gusiga irangi rimwe na rimwe.Manika umugozi wa hank kumuyoboro utwara inkunga hanyuma ubishyire mubigega byo gusiga irangi.Amazi yo gusiga amarangi anyura muri hanki munsi ya pompe izenguruka.Mubitegererezo bimwe, umuyoboro utwara umugozi urashobora kuzunguruka buhoro.Hano hari ibyobo bito kurukuta rw'igituba, kandi irangi ry'irangi risohoka mu mwobo muto hanyuma rikanyura muri hank.
(Igishushanyo mbonera cyimashini yo gusiga Hank)
Imashini yo gusiga irangi
Igizwe ahanini nigikoresho cyo gusiga irangi rya silindrike, creel, ikigega kibika amazi na pompe izenguruka.Nibikoresho byo gusiga amarangi.Urudodo rukomeretsa ku rubingo rwa silindrike cyangwa umuyoboro wa conical hanyuma ugashyirwa ku ntoki ya bobbin mu kigega cyo gusiga irangi.Amazi y'irangi atembera mumaboko asobekeranye ya bobbin anyuze muri pompe izenguruka, hanyuma agasohoka hanze avuye mubice by'imbere by'imyenda ya bobbin.Nyuma yigihe runaka, igihe gishobora guhinduka.Ikigereranyo cyo kwiyuhagira cyo kwiyuhagira muri rusange ni 10: 1-5: 1.
3. Imashini yo gusiga irangi
Igizwe ahanini nigikoresho cyo gusiga irangi rya silindrike, urufunzo rwintambara, ikigega kibika amazi na pompe izenguruka.Nibikoresho byo gusiga amarangi.Ubusanzwe bwakoreshwaga mu gusiga irangi, ubu rikoreshwa cyane mugusiga irangi ryimyenda idahwitse, cyane cyane imyenda ya fibre yubukorikori.Mugihe cyo gusiga irangi, umugozi wintambara cyangwa umwenda bikomeretsa ku mwobo wuzuye wuzuye umwobo hanyuma ugashyirwa mu kigega cyo gusiga irangi.Amazi yo gusiga amarangi anyura mu rudodo cyangwa mu mwenda ku rufunzo rufunitse ruva mu mwobo muto wa shitingi ya pisine iyobowe na pompe izenguruka, kandi igahindura imigezi buri gihe.Imashini yo gusiga irangi irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugusiga irangi ryoroshyeibitambara.
4. Gusiga irangi rya padi (gusiga irangi)
Irangi rya padi rikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora no gutunganya denim hamwe nibara ryera hamwe na wera.Ni ukumenyekanisha umubare munini wibiti bito muri buri kigega cyo gusiga irangi, hanyuma ukamenya irangi ryirangi rya indigo (cyangwa sulfide, kugabanya, gutondeka, gutwikira) nyuma yo kwibiza inshuro nyinshi, kuzunguruka byinshi, hamwe na okiside ihumeka myinshi.Nyuma yo gukama no kugereranya, umugozi wintambara ufite ibara rimwe urashobora kuboneka, ushobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwo kuboha.Ikigega cyo gusiga irangi mugihe cyo gusiga irangi gishobora kuba byinshi (imashini yimpapuro) cyangwa imwe (imashini yimpeta).Ibi bikoresho bikoreshwa bifatanije nubunini byitwa amarangi yo gusiga amarangi hamwe na mashini ihuriweho.
5. Imashini yo gusiga imigati
Bisa no gusiga fibre irekuye hamwe na cone.
Imashini yo gusiga imyenda
Ukurikije imiterere n'ibiranga irangi ry'imyenda, igabanyijemo imashini yo gusiga imigozi, imashini isiga irangi, imashini isiga irangi n'imashini ikomeza gusiga irangi.Bitatu byanyuma byose ni ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi.Imyenda yubwoya, imyenda iboshywe nizindi myenda ihindagurika byoroshye usanga irangi cyane hamwe nimashini zisiga imigozi irekuye, mugihe imyenda yipamba ahanini irangi irangi hamwe nimashini zisiga irangi.
1. Imashini yo gusiga umugozi
Ubusanzwe izwi nka silinderi idafite urusaku, igizwe ahanini nigikoresho cyo gusiga irangi, uruziga ruzengurutse cyangwa elliptique, kandi ni ibikoresho byo gusiga amarangi.Mugihe cyo gusiga irangi, umwenda winjizwa mubwogero bwo gusiga muburyo bworoheje kandi bugoramye, uzamurwa nigitabo cyigitebo unyuze mumuzingo uyobora imyenda, hanyuma ugwa mubwogero bwo gusiga irangi.Umwenda uhujwe n'umutwe umurizo kandi uzunguruka.Mugihe cyo gusiga irangi, umwenda winjizwa mu bwogero bwo gusiga irangi ahantu hatuje, kandi impagarara ni nto.Ikigereranyo cyo kwiyuhagira ni 20: 1 ~ 40: 1.Kuberako ubwogero ari bunini, silinderi ikurura ubu irashize.
Kuva mu myaka ya za 1960, ubwoko bushya bwibikoresho byateye imbere byimashini isiga irangi harimo imashini isiga irangi, imashini isanzwe yo gusiga irangi ryubushyuhe, imashini isiga irangi ryumuyaga, nibindi. ntoya, bityo rero irakwiriye gusiga amarangi atandukanye kandi mato mato mato mato mato.Igizwe ahanini nigikoresho cyo gusiga irangi, ejector, umuyoboro uyobora imyenda, guhinduranya ubushyuhe na pompe izenguruka.Mugihe cyo gusiga irangi, umwenda uhuza umutwe umurizo.Umwenda uzamurwa mu bwogero bwo gusiga irangi.Itwarwa mumyenda iyobora umuyoboro wamazi yasohowe na ejector.Noneho igwa mu bwogero bwo gusiga irangizwa mu bwogero bwo gusiga irangi mu buryo bworoheje kandi bugoramye kandi butera imbere buhoro.Umwenda wongeye kuzamurwa nu mwenda uyobora uruziga.Irangi ryirangi ritwarwa na pompe ifite ingufu nyinshi, ikanyura mumashanyarazi, kandi yihuta na ejector.Ikigereranyo cyo kwiyuhagira ni 5: 1 ～ 10: 1.
Ibikurikira nigishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere yubwoko bwa L, O-bwoko na U-imashini yo gusiga irangi:
(O ubwoko)
(L ubwoko)
(U ubwoko)
(Imashini yo gusiga ikirere)
2. Jigger
Nibikoresho bimaze igihe kinini byo gusiga irangi.Igizwe ahanini nigikoresho cyo gusiga irangi, umuzingo wigitambara hamwe nigitabo kiyobora imyenda, nibikoresho byo gusiga rimwe na rimwe.Umwenda ubanza gukomeretsa kumyenda yambere mubugari buringaniye, hanyuma ugakomeretsa kurundi ruzingo nyuma yo kunyura mumazi yo gusiga irangi.Iyo umwenda uri hafi gukomereka, usubizwa kumuzingo wambere.Buri kizunguruka cyitwa pass imwe, nibindi kugeza irangi rirangiye.Ikigereranyo cyo kwiyuhagira ni 3: 1 ～ 5: 1.Imashini zimwe zisunika zifite ibikoresho byo kugenzura byikora nko guhindagura imyenda, guhindukira no kwiruka umuvuduko, bishobora kugabanya impuzu no kugabanya ubukana bwabakozi.Igishushanyo gikurikira nigice cyo kureba jigger.
3. Imashini yo gusiga irangi
Ni ihuriro ryimashini ihoraho kandi ikomeza gufungura ubugari bwimashini.Igizwe ahanini no gusya uruganda no gushyushya icyumba.Uruganda rwo kwibiza rugizwe n'imodoka izunguruka hamwe n'ikigega kizunguruka.Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwimodoka zizunguruka: imizingo ibiri na bitatu.Imizingo itunganijwe hejuru no hepfo cyangwa ibumoso n'iburyo.Umuvuduko uri hagati yizingo urashobora guhinduka.Iyo umwenda umaze kwibizwa mumazi yo gusiga irangi mu kigega kizunguruka, kanda kuri roller.Amazi yo gusiga irangi yinjira mu mwenda, kandi amazi arenze amarangi aracyinjira mu kigega kizunguruka.Umwenda winjira mucyumba cyo kwigizamo kandi ukomeretsa umuzingo munini ku mwenda.Ihinduranya buhoro kandi igashyirwa mugihe runaka mugihe cyizuba nubushyuhe kugirango irangire buhoro buhoro fibre.Ibi bikoresho birakwiriye mubice bito kandi bitandukanye bitandukanye bifungura ubugari.Ubu bwoko bwo gusiga amarangi bukoreshwa mu gusiga amarangi akonje mu nganda nyinshi, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira:
4. Imashini ikomeza gusiga irangi
Ni imashini isize irangi irangi kandi ifite umusaruro mwinshi kandi irakwiriye ibikoresho byo gusiga amoko manini.Igizwe ahanini no kwibiza, kumisha, guhumeka cyangwa guteka, gukaraba neza nibindi bice.Uburyo bwo guhuza imashini biterwa nimiterere y irangi nuburyo ibintu bigenda.Kuzunguruka kwibiza mubisanzwe bikorwa nimodoka ebyiri cyangwa eshatu zizunguruka.Kuma ashyushya imirasire yumuriro, umwuka ushyushye cyangwa silinderi yumisha.Ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya imirasire ni bumwe, ariko uburyo bwo kumisha ni buke.Nyuma yo gukama, guhumeka cyangwa guteka kugirango usige irangi neza, hanyuma ukore isabune no koza amazi.Imashini ishushe ikomeza gusiga irangi irakwiriye gusasa irangi.
Ibikurikira nimbonerahamwe yerekana imashini ikomeza gusiga irangi:
5. Imashini yo gusiga imyenda
Imashini yo gusiga imyenda ikwiranye nicyiciro gito nubwoko bwihariye bwo gusiga imyenda, hamwe nibiranga guhinduka, korohereza n'umuvuduko.Ihame niryo rikurikira:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-26-2021