Muri 2017 nigihembwe cya mbere cya 2018, imikorere rusange yinganda zimyenda yimyenda yari ihagaze neza kandi nziza, kandi ibicuruzwa byibicuruzwa byinshi byakomeje umuvuduko mwiza witerambere.Ni izihe mpamvu zo kugarura isoko ryimashini yimyenda?Ibi bintu byamasoko birashobora gukomeza?Ni ubuhe butumwa bwibandwaho mubikorwa byimashini zimyenda mugihe kizaza?
Duhereye ku bushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa ku mishinga n’amakuru ajyanye n’ibarurishamibare, ntabwo bigoye kubona uko ubucuruzi bwifashe muri iki gihe no gusaba icyerekezo cy’imashini zikora imyenda.Muri icyo gihe, hamwe no gukomeza guteza imbere guhindura no kuzamura inganda z’imyenda no guhindura imiterere, isoko ry’imashini z’imyenda naryo ryerekana ibintu bishya.
Gukura kwa automatike nibikoresho byubwenge biragaragara
Twungukiye ku kuzamuka kw’ubukungu bw’isi yose, kuzamuka kw’ubukungu bw’imbere mu gihugu, imikorere ihamye y’inganda z’imyenda no kugarura isoko ry’imyenda mpuzamahanga ndetse n’imbere mu gihugu, uko isoko ry’ibikoresho by’imyenda y’imyenda muri rusange ari byiza .Dufatiye ku mikorere rusange y’ubukungu bw’inganda zikora imashini z’imyenda, muri 2017, inyungu nyamukuru y’ubucuruzi n’inyungu byiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, kandi ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byagaragaje iterambere ry’imibare ibiri.Nyuma yo kugabanuka gake muri 2015 na 2016, agaciro ko kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mashini y’imyenda byageze ku rwego rwo hejuru muri 2017.
Urebye ubwoko bwibikoresho, imishinga yimashini izunguruka yibanda mumishinga minini ifite ibyiza, mugihe imishinga mito n'iciriritse ifite ubushobozi buke bwisoko ifite amahirwe make.Ibikoresho byikora, bikomeza kandi byubwenge bizunguruka byiyongereye cyane.Dukurikije imibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’imashini z’imyenda mu Bushinwa ku nganda zikomeye zitanga umusaruro, mu 2017, hagurishijwe imashini zamakarita zigera ku 4900, zikaba ari umwaka umwe ku mwaka;Amakarita yo gushushanya agera kuri 4100 yagurishijwe, umwaka-ku mwaka wiyongereyeho 14,6%.Muri byo, haragurishijwe amakadiri yo gushushanya agera kuri 1850 afite ibikoresho byo kuringaniza ubwayo, aho umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 21%, bingana na 45% bya rusange;Abagurisha barenga 1200 baragurishijwe, wari umwaka umwe ku mwaka;Haragurishijwe amakadiri arenga 1500 azenguruka, hamwe n’umwaka ushize, muri yo abagera kuri 280 bakaba bari bafite ibikoresho byifashishwa bya doffing byikora, aho umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 47%, bingana na 19% byuzuye;Ikariso yo kuzenguruka ipamba yagurishije miliyoni zirenga 4,6 (muri zo zigera kuri miriyoni imwe zoherejwe hanze), umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 18%.Muri byo, imodoka ndende (zifite ibikoresho bya doffing hamwe) zagurishije imashini zigera kuri miliyoni 3, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 15%.Imodoka ndende zingana na 65% zose hamwe.Ikintu nyamukuru gifite ibikoresho bizunguruka byari hafi miliyoni 1.9, bingana na 41% byuzuye;Igikoresho cyo kuzunguruka cyagurishije ibicuruzwa birenga miliyoni 5, byiyongera gato mu mwaka ushize;Igurishwa ryimashini zizunguruka za rotor zari hafi 480000, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 33%;Imashini zirenga 580 zikoresha imashini zagurishijwe, hamwe n’umwaka-mwaka wiyongereyeho 9.9%.Byongeye kandi, muri 2017, hiyongereyeho imitwe irenga 30000 ya vortex izunguruka, kandi ubushobozi bwo kuzunguruka mu gihugu bwari imitwe igera ku 180000.
Bitewe no kuzamura inganda, gushimangira kurengera ibidukikije, guhindura no kurandura imashini zishaje, icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho byihuta byihuta, ibyuma by’amazi n’indege zo mu kirere mu mashini ziboha byiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara.Abakiriya bashyize imbere ibisabwa hejuru kubijyanye no guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, inyungu n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'imashini ziboha.Muri 2017, inganda zikomeye zo mu gihugu zagurishije ibyuma byihuta byihuta 7637, umwaka ushize wiyongera 18.9%;Ibicuruzwa by'amazi 34000 byagurishijwe, aho umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 13.3%;Imyenda yo mu kirere 13136 yagurishijwe, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 72.8%.
Inganda zimashini ziboha zazamutse gahoro gahoro, kandi isoko ryimashini ziboha rifite imikorere myiza cyane.Nk’uko imibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’imyenda y’imyenda mu Bushinwa ibigaragaza, igurishwa ry’imashini ziboha mu mwaka wa 2017 ryari hafi 185000, aho umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho hejuru ya 50%, muri byo umubare w’imashini za vamp wariyongereye.Imikorere yisoko ryimashini zizunguruka zari zihamye.Buri mwaka kugurisha imashini zizunguruka zari 21500, hamwe no kwiyongera gake mugihe kimwe.Isoko ryo kuboha imashini ryongeye gukira, hamwe n’igurisha ryaguzwe hafi 4100 mu mwaka wose, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 41%.
Inganda zisabwa mu kurengera ibidukikije, kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, no kugabanya abakozi byazanye imbogamizi n’amahirwe y’ubucuruzi mu icapiro no gusiga irangi no kurangiza inganda z’imashini.Icyizere cyisoko ryibicuruzwa byikora kandi byubwenge nka sisitemu yo kugenzura umusaruro wa digitale, sisitemu yo kugereranya no gukwirakwiza mu buryo bwikora, imashini ibika amahema yo kuzigama no kugabanya ibyuka, imashini nshya ikomeza gushakisha no guhumanya no gukaraba ibikoresho byo kuboha imyenda, na gaze yo mu rwego rwo hejuru- imashini yo gusiga irangi iratanga ikizere.Ubwiyongere bw'imashini zisiga amarangi mu kirere (harimo n'imashini zisukamo gaze) ziragaragara, kandi ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe mu bigo byinshi muri 2017 byiyongereyeho 20% ugereranije no mu 2016. Ibigo by'icyitegererezo by'ingenzi byagurishije imashini 57 zicapura za ecran mu 2017, hamwe umwaka-ku mwaka kwiyongera 8%;Imashini zicapura zizunguruka 184 zagurishijwe, zagabanutseho 8% umwaka ku mwaka;Imashini zigena amahema zigera ku 1700 zaragurishijwe, hamwe n’umwaka-mwaka wiyongereyeho 6%.
Kuva muri 2017, igurishwa ryimashini ya fibre fibre yateye imbere muburyo bwose, kandi ibicuruzwa byiyongereye cyane umwaka ku mwaka.Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, mu 2017, kohereza imashini zizunguruka za polyester na nylon filament zigera kuri 7150, aho umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 55.43%;Ibicuruzwa byuzuye bya fibre polyester staple fibre fibre yagaruwe, ikora ubushobozi bwa toni zigera ku 130000, hamwe numwaka-mwaka wiyongereyeho 8.33%;Igice cyuzuye cyibikoresho bya firimu ya viscose yakoze ubushobozi runaka, kandi hariho amabwiriza menshi kumurongo wuzuye wibikoresho bya fibre fibre, ifite ubushobozi bwa toni 240000;Abatanga amasasu yihuta bagera ku 1200 bagurishijwe mu mwaka wose, aho umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 54%.Muri icyo gihe, ubushobozi bw’ubwubatsi bw’inganda zikora fibre filament zaratejwe imbere, kandi ishoramari mu gutangiza umusaruro ryiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara.Kurugero, isoko yo guhita idashaka, gupakira, kubika hamwe nibikoresho bya fibre fibre filament nibyiza.
Bitewe nubushake bukomeye bwinganda zo hasi zidoda, umusaruro no kugurisha inganda zimashini zidoda "zifite".Umubare wo kugurisha inshinge, spunlace na spunbond / kuzunguruka gushonga imirongo yumusaruro wageze kurwego rwo hejuru mumateka.Dukurikije imibare ituzuye y’ibigo by’umugongo, mu 2017, hagurishijwe imirongo igera kuri 320, harimo imirongo igera kuri 50 ifite ubugari bwa metero zirenga 6 n’imirongo irenga 100 ifite ubugari bwa metero 3-6;Igurishwa ryurudodo rwa spunlace na spunbond hamwe no kuzunguruka gushonga umurongo utanga umusaruro urenga 50;Igicuruzwa cyo kugurisha ku isoko (harimo no kohereza hanze) cyumurongo wibyimbye hamwe na spun melt hamwe nibice birenga 200.
Haracyariho amasoko yo mu gihugu no hanze
Ubwiyongere bw'igurisha ry'ibikoresho by'imashini zifite ubwenge kandi buhanitse byerekana imyenda isabwa cyane mu guhindura imiterere y'inganda, guhindura no kuzamura inganda z’imyenda ku nganda zikora ibikoresho.Uruganda rukora imashini rukora imyenda rwujuje ibyangombwa byiterambere byinganda zinganda, guhindura imiterere yinganda birimbitse cyane, ikoranabuhanga rihora ritezimbere kandi rishya, kandi rikora ubushakashatsi kandi ritezimbere ibikoresho bifite umusaruro mwinshi, kwizerwa neza no kugenzura neza sisitemu birakirwa ku isoko.
Icapiro rya digitale ya digitale ifite ibiranga gutandukana, icyiciro gito hamwe no kugena ibintu.Hamwe nogukomeza kunoza urwego rwa tekiniki, umuvuduko wo gucapa imashini yihuta ya digitale yimashini yegereye iyicapiro rya ecran, kandi igiciro cyumusaruro wagabanutse buhoro buhoro.Kugaragaza amabara meza, nta kubuza gukoresha amafaranga, nta gukenera gukora amasahani, cyane cyane mu kuzigama amazi, kuzigama ingufu, kuzamura aho ukorera, kugabanya ubukana bw'abakozi, kongera ibicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro n'ibindi bintu kugira ngo isoko ryiyongere, ryerekanye iterambere riturika ku isoko ryisi yose mumyaka yashize.Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byo gucapa bikoreshwa mu gihugu ntabwo byujuje gusa isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, ahubwo binakirwa n’isoko ryo hanze rifite imikorere ihenze.
Byongeye kandi, hamwe no kwihutisha ihererekanyabubasha mpuzamahanga ry’inganda z’imyenda no kwihutisha imiterere mpuzamahanga y’imishinga y’imyenda yo mu gihugu mu myaka yashize, isoko ry’imashini zohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga rifite amahirwe menshi.
Dukurikije imibare y’ibarurishamibare y’imashini z’imyenda zoherejwe mu 2017, mu byiciro by’imashini z’imyenda, umubare w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga hamwe n’igipimo cy’imashini ziboha ku mwanya wa mbere, hamwe n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bingana na miliyari 1.04 z’amadolari y’Amerika.Imashini zidoda zidoda zazamutse vuba, hamwe n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga miliyoni 123 z’amadolari y’Amerika, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 34.2%.Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga nabyo byiyongereyeho 24,73% ugereranije na 2016.
Vuba aha, ibiro by’uhagarariye ubucuruzi muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika byasohoye urutonde rw’ibicuruzwa byatanzwe kugira ngo hakorwe iperereza 301 ku Bushinwa, rikubiyemo ibicuruzwa byinshi by’imashini n’imyenda.Ku bijyanye n'ingaruka z’iki gikorwa cy’Amerika, Wang Shutian, Perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry’imashini z’imyenda mu Bushinwa, yavuze ko ku mishinga, iki cyemezo kizamura igiciro cy’inganda z’Abashinwa zinjira ku isoko ry’Amerika kandi bikangiza ubushake bw’inganda z’imyenda yo gushora imari muri Leta zunz'ubumwe.Nyamara, ku bijyanye n’inganda, mu Bushinwa bwohereza imashini z’imyenda, ibyoherezwa muri Amerika bifite umubare muto kandi ntibizagira ingaruka zikomeye.
Kunoza ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya no gutandukanya nibyo byibandwaho mu iterambere
Dutegereje uko ibintu byifashe muri 2018, isoko ryimashini zo mu gihugu zizakomeza kurekura icyifuzo cyo kuvugurura ibikoresho no kuzamura;Ku isoko mpuzamahanga, hamwe no kwihutisha ihererekanyabubasha ry’inganda z’imyenda ndetse n’iterambere ry’iterambere ry’Ubushinwa “Umukandara n’umuhanda”, umwanya wo kohereza ibicuruzwa by’imashini z’imyenda mu Bushinwa bizakomeza gufungurwa, kandi inganda z’imyenda y’imyenda zizakomeza biteganijwe kugera kubikorwa bihamye.
Nubwo abashinzwe inganda n’inganda bafite icyizere ku kibazo kizaba muri 2018, Wang Shutian aracyizera ko ibigo bishobora kumenya neza ko hakiri ibitagenda neza n’ingorane nyinshi mu iterambere ry’inganda z’imyenda y’imyenda: haracyari icyuho n’urwego mpuzamahanga rwateye imbere muri ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru n'ikoranabuhanga;Ibigo bifite ibibazo nko kongera ibiciro, kubura impano ningorane zo gushaka abakozi.
Wang Shutian yizera ko mu 2017, agaciro k’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga byongeye kurenga agaciro kwoherezwa mu mahanga, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko ibikoresho by’imyenda yo mu gihugu bidashobora kugendana n’iterambere ry’inganda z’imyenda, kandi hakiri byinshi byo kwiteza imbere no gutera imbere.
Dufashe nk'urugero rw'ibikoresho byo kuzunguruka, dukurikije imibare ya gasutamo, umubare rusange w’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga muri 2017 byari hafi miliyoni 747 z'amadolari y'Amerika, byiyongereyeho 42% umwaka ushize.Mu mashini nyamukuru yatumijwe mu mahanga, ikariso yo kuzenguruka ipamba, ikariso yo kuzenguruka ipamba, ikariso yo kuzunguruka ubwoya, imashini izunguruka ikirere-indege, imashini yangiza, n'ibindi byiyongereye cyane umwaka ku mwaka.By'umwihariko, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu kirere cya jet-vortex imashini izunguruka byiyongereyeho 85% umwaka ku mwaka.
Duhereye ku makuru yatumijwe mu mahanga, birashobora kugaragara ko ibikoresho byo mu gihugu bifite ubushobozi buke ku isoko, nka ubwoya bwogosha ubwoya, ikariso yimyenda hamwe n’ikizunguruka, biterwa n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko inganda z’imyenda yo mu gihugu zifite ishoramari rito mu bushakashatsi bw’ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi buke ku isoko. , kandi hari itandukaniro rinini hagati y'Ubushinwa n'ibihugu by'amahanga muri rusange.Ubwiyongere mu gutumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva mu ipamba hamwe n’ikariso izunguruka ahanini biterwa no gutumiza mu mahanga.Umubare munini wimashini zizunguruka mu kirere hamwe na tray yo mu bwoko bwa tray yikora byinjira mu mahanga buri mwaka, byerekana ko ibikoresho nkibi bikiri ikibaho gito mubushinwa.
Mubyongeyeho, kwinjiza imashini zidoda ziyongereye cyane.Nk’uko imibare ya gasutamo ibigaragaza, mu mwaka wa 2017 ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byari miliyoni 126 z'amadolari ya Amerika, umwaka ushize byiyongereyeho 79.1%.Muri byo, kwinjiza ibikoresho bya spunlace n'ibikoresho byiyongereyeho inshuro eshatu;Imashini 20 zigari zamakarita yatumijwe mu mahanga.Birashobora kugaragara ko ibintu byihuta byihuta kandi byo murwego rwohejuru ibikoresho byingenzi bishingiye kubitumizwa hanze biracyagaragara.Ibikoresho bya fibre chimique biracyafite igice kinini cyimashini yimyenda itumizwa hanze.Nk’uko imibare ya gasutamo ibigaragaza, mu mwaka wa 2017 ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byinjije miliyoni 400 z’amadolari y’Amerika, bikaba byiyongereyeho 67.9%.
Wang Shutian yavuze ko kuzamura ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya ndetse n’iterambere ritandukanye bikomeje kwibandwaho mu iterambere ry’ejo hazaza.Ibi biradusaba gukomeza gukora akazi keza mubikorwa byibanze, guhora dukora imiyoborere, ikoranabuhanga no guhanga ibicuruzwa, kuzamura urwego rwibicuruzwa nubwiza bwibicuruzwa, kuba hasi yisi no kugendana nibihe.Muri ubu buryo gusa, imishinga ninganda bishobora gutera imbere ubudahwema.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-28-2018